It strikes me as increasingly obvious that the non-negotiable path to sustainable family formation is going to be cultural change—any given mixture of subsidies and mandates will have marginal effects at best. If people don't want kids, they won't have them.
One of the weird things with aging countries trying to increase fertility is they keep adopting policies where there's no evidence they actually increase fertility, e.g. small tax credits for kids, shorter work-weeks, etc.
